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[characteristics of laser]<br/>(1) directional luminescence<br/>The ordinary light source is to light in all directions. To let the emitted light propagate in one direction, a certain light gathering device is required for the light source. The laser emitted by the laser is born in one direction, the divergence of the beam is very small, only about 0.001 radians, close to parallel.<br/>(two) high brightness<br/>Before the invention of the laser, the high voltage pulsed xenon lamp was the highest in the artificial light source, not the same as the brightness of the sun, and the laser brightness of the ruby laser could exceed a hundred billion times that of the xenon lamp.<br/>(three) very pure color<br/>The color of light is determined by the wavelength (or frequency) of the light. The narrower the wavelength range of the radiation is, the better the monochromatic.<br/>The laser output of the laser is very narrow, so the color is very pure. With the output of the red light He Ne laser as an example, the wavelength distribution of the light can be narrowed to 2 * 10-9 nanometers, and the red light wavelength distribution range of the krypton lamp is 2/10000. Thus, the monochromatic property of the laser is far more than any monochromatic light source.<br/>In addition, laser has other characteristics: good coherence. The frequency, direction of vibration, and phase height of the laser are the same, so that the intensity distribution of the laser light wave in the overlap area will appear stable and strong and weak phase when the laser light wave overlaps. This phenomenon is called interference of light, so the laser is coherent light.<br/>There are four main characteristics of laser: high brightness, high directivity, high monochromatic and high coherence.<br/>At present, laser has been widely used in laser welding, laser cutting, laser drilling (including oblique holes, different holes, plaster perforation, loose paper perforation, plate punching, packaging and printing, etc.), laser quenching, laser heat treatment, laser marking, glass engraving, laser micro tuning, light photolithography, laser film making, laser film processing, laser packaging, laser repair circuit, Laser wiring technology, laser cleaning, and so on.<br/>After more than 30 years of development, laser is now almost everywhere. It has been used in all aspects of life and scientific research: laser acupuncture, laser cutting, laser cutting, laser welding, laser quenching, laser recording, laser rangefinder, laser gyroscope, laser lead instrument, laser scalpel, laser bomb, laser radar, laser radar, laser gun, laser cannon. In the near future, laser will surely have wider application.<br/>Laser weapon is a kind of directional energy weapon that uses directional emission laser beam to destroy the target directly or make it invalid. According to the different operational use, laser weapon can be divided into two categories: Tactical Laser Weapon and strategic laser weapon. The weapon system is mainly composed of laser and tracking, aiming, transmitting device and so on. Lasers have chemical lasers, solid lasers, and CO2 lasers. Laser weapons have the advantages of fast attack, flexible steering, accurate strike, and no electromagnetic interference. But there are also weaknesses in the weather and environment. Laser weapons have been developed for more than 30 years, and their key technologies have also been breakthroughs, the United States, Russia, France, Israel and other countries have successfully carried out a variety of laser targeting tests. Low energy laser weapons are now in use, mainly for interference and blind near distance photoelectric sensors, as well as attacks on human eyes and some enhanced observation equipment; high energy laser weapons mainly use chemical lasers, according to the current level, from 5 to 10 in the future. It is expected to be deployed on ground and air platforms for tactical air defense, theater antimissile and anti satellite warfare in the year.<br/>[other characteristics of laser]<br/>Laser has a lot of characteristics: first, laser is monochromatic, or single frequency. Some lasers can produce different frequencies of laser at the same time, but these lasers are isolated from each other and are separated when used. Secondly, the laser is coherent light. The characteristic of the coherent light is that the light waves are synchronized and the whole beam is like one "Wave train". Again, the laser is highly concentrated, that is to say, it takes a long distance to disperse or converge.<br/>Laser (LASER), a light source.LASER invented in the 60s of last century, is the acronym for "stimulated radiation amplification" in English. Lasers have many kinds, size to a few football fields, a grain of rice or salt. The gas lasers have helium neon laser and argon laser; solid lasers have ruby lasers; semiconductors. Lasers have laser diodes, such as CD players, DVD and CD-ROM. Each type of laser has its own unique way of generating lasers.<br/>Laser technology application<br/>Laser processing technology is a technology of cutting, welding, surface processing, drilling, micromachining, as a light source and identifying objects, using the characteristics of the interaction of laser beams and materials to the material (including metal and non metal). The most traditional application field is laser addition technology. Laser technology involves light, machine, electricity, material and inspection. Traditionally, it can be divided into:<br/>1. laser processing system, including laser, light guiding system, processing machine, control system and detection system.<br/>2. laser processing technology, including cutting, welding, surface treatment, drilling, marking, marking, fine-tuning and other processing technology.<br/>Laser welding: thick and thin car body, automobile parts, lithium battery, heart pacemaker, sealed relay and other sealing devices, and all kinds of devices that do not allow welding pollution and deformation. The laser used currently has YAG laser, CO2 laser and semiconductor pump laser.<br/>Laser cutting: automobile industry, computer, electrical machine shell, wood knife mold industry, cutting of all kinds of metal parts and special materials, circular saw, acrylic, spring gasket, copper plate for electronic parts below 2mm, some metal mesh, steel tube, tin plate, plated lead steel plate, phosphorus bronze, electric wood board, thin aluminum alloy, quartz glass, silicone rubber, and less than 1mm Alumina ceramics, titanium alloys used in aerospace industry, etc. use lasers to have YAG lasers and CO2 lasers.
Laser marking : widely used in various materials and almost all industries , currently used lasers include YAG lasers , CO2 lasers , and semiconductor pump lasers .<br/>Laser drilling is mainly applied in the fields of aerospace , automobile manufacturing , electronic instrument , chemical industry , etc . The rapid development of laser drilling mainly manifests that the average output power of YAG laser has been increased from 400w to 800w to 1000w five years ago . The present application of laser drilling is mainly in the production of artificial diamond and natural diamond wire drawing die , gem bearing of clock and instrument , airplane blade , multilayer printed circuit board and so on . The laser used in present is mainly YAG laser , CO2 laser , and some excimer laser , isotope laser and semiconductor pump laser .<br/>Laser heat treatment is widely used in automotive industry , such as cylinder liner , crankshaft , piston ring , commutator , gear , etc . It is widely used in aerospace , machine tool industry and other mechanical industries . The laser heat treatment in China is far more widely used than abroad . The laser used in China is mainly YAG laser and CO2 laser .<br/>Laser rapid prototyping : combines laser machining technology with computer numerical control technology and flexible manufacturing technology . It is used in mould and model industry . The laser used in the present is mainly YAG laser and CO2 laser .<br/>Laser coating : widely used in aerospace , mold and electro - mechanical industry . Currently used lasers are mostly high - power YAG lasers and CO2 lasers .<br/>The Application of Pulsed Laser in Medicine<br/>Laser system applied to dentistry<br/>One of the important characteristics of laser is : the wavelength of the light , the laser of different wavelengths have different effects on the tissue , light in the visible light and near infrared spectrum range , light absorption is low , the penetration is strong , it can penetrate the deeper part of the tooth body , such as argon ion laser , diode laser or Nd : YAG laser ( as shown in FIG . 1 ) . The important characteristic of laser is : the laser intensity ( i.e . power ) , the intensity of laser is only a few milliwatts , it can also be used on the laser display .<br/>The laser used for the treatment is usually several watts medium intensity laser . The laser has the effect on the tissue , it also depends on the laser pulse transmission mode , the laser in the typical continuous pulse transmission mode is : argon ion laser , diode laser , CO2 , laser ;<br/>The laser light emitted in a short pulse mode has : Er : YAG laser or a number of Nd : YAG lasers , the intensity of the short - pulse laser ( i.e . , power ) can reach 1,000 watts or higher , and these lasers with high intensity and high light absorption are only suitable for removing hard tissues .<br/>The application of laser in the diagnosis of dental caries<br/>1 . Demineralization , superficial caries<br/>2 . Hidden caries<br/>Application of laser in treatment<br/>1 . Cut<br/>2 . Polymerization and Cavity Treatment of Filling Materials<br/>laser cosmetic cream<br/>( 1 ) the use of the laser in the beauty industry is more and more extensive . The laser is used for generating high energy , focusing accurately , having a certain penetrating power , acting on human tissues , generating high heat locally to achieve the purpose of removing or destroying the target tissue , and various pulse lasers with different wavelengths can be used for treating various vascular skin diseases and pigmentation , such as taignimoles , fresh red spot moles , freckle , senile plaque , capillary dilation , and the like , as well as detattoo , eye washing , eyebrow washing , treatment scar , and the like ;<br/>In recent years , some new laser instruments , high - energy superpulse CO2 laser and erbium laser have been used for de - wrinkling , skin resurfacing , snoring , whitening teeth , etc . , which has achieved good curative effect and opens up a wider field for laser surgery .<br/>( 2 ) Laser surgery has the superiority of traditional operation . First , laser surgery does not need hospitalization , operation incision is small , no bleeding in operation , less trauma and no scar . For example , the traditional operation method for the treatment of eye bag has the advantages of wide peeling range , large bleeding in operation , slow healing , easy formation of scar , etc .<br/>Laser treatment of vascular dermatosis is a revolution in the history of the treatment of blood vessel tissue , which has high accuracy and safety without affecting surrounding tissues .<br/>in addition , because that variable pulse laser and the like are follow in such a way that the removal of the body is not satisfied , and the treatment of various kinds of pigmentary dermatosis such as taeda moles , senile plaque and the like is greatly breakthrough , and the laser energy concentrate on the pigment particles according to the theory of selective photothermal effect , so that the laser energy is concentrated on the pigment particles , so that the laser energy is directly evaporated , smashed and discharged outside the body through the lymphoid tissue without influencing the surrounding normal tissue , and the laser energy is accurate , safe and reliable , no scar and less pain .<br/>( 4 ) Laser surgery has initiated a new era of medical beauty treatment . The high - energy superpulse CO2 laser grinding and skin resurfacing technique opens up a new technique for cosmetic surgery . It uses high energy and very short pulses of laser to instantly vaporize the aged and injured skin tissues , and can accurately control the depth of action . Its effect is fully affirmed by the international medical plastic beauty and beauty community , and is known as " a new era of medical beauty " ;<br/>in addition , a high - energy superpulse CO2 laser instrument can treat eye bag , snoring , even laser , whiten teeth , etc . , so that it has safe and accurate curative effect , and is simple and rapid .<br/>Laser cooling tower<br/>Laser cooling uses laser and atomic interaction to decelerate atomic motion to obtain high and new technology of ultra - low temperature atom . The main purpose of this important technique is to measure atomic parameters accurately .<br/>raman laser spectroscopy<br/>The laser light source has the characteristics of good single color , high brightness , strong directivity and strong coherence . The laser light source has the characteristics of good single color , high brightness , strong directivity and strong coherence . It is an ideal light source for studying the structure , composition , state and variation of the material and its system .<br/>Laser Sensor Transducer<br/>The laser transducer is composed of laser , laser detector and measuring circuit . The laser sensor is a new type of measuring instrument . The laser sensor is a new type of measuring instrument . It has the advantages of no contact distance measurement , high speed , high precision , large measuring range , light resistance , strong anti - interference ability and so on .<br/>Laser Doppler Radar ( SAR )<br/>Laser radar is a kind of radar with laser as radiation source . Laser radar is the product of laser technology combined with radar technology . The transmitter is a kind of laser , such as carbon dioxide laser , Nd - doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser , semiconductor laser and wavelength tunable solid laser , etc .<br/>the antenna is an optical telescope ;<br/>The receiver adopts various kinds of photoelectric detectors , such as photomultiplier , semiconductor photoelectric diode , avalanche photodiode , infrared and visible light multi - element detector , etc . The laser radar adopts two modes of operation such as pulse or continuous wave , and the detection method is divided into direct detection and heterodyne detection .<br/>laser weapon<br/>Laser weapon is a kind of directional energy weapon which directly destroys the target or makes it unusable by means of directional emitted laser beam . According to the different operational use , laser weapon can be divided into two categories : tactical laser weapon and strategic laser weapon . The weapon system is mainly composed of laser and tracking , aiming , launching device and so on . The laser weapon has the advantages of fast attack speed , flexible steering , precision strike , no electromagnetic interference , etc . The laser weapon has been put into use for more than 30 years .<br/>High - energy laser weapon mainly adopts chemical laser , according to the existing level , can be expected to be deployed on the ground and the air platform for 5 - 10 years , and can be used for tactical air defense , anti - missile and anti - satellite operations , etc .<br/>Classification of Laser Weapons<br/>Laser with different power density , different output waveform and different wavelength can produce different anti - destructive effect when interacting with different target materials . As a " dead light " weapon , the laser output power must be greatly improved .<br/>1 . Tactical laser weapons<br/>in March 1978 , that first lase gun in the world was born in the United States .<br/>A tactical laser weapon undefined s " eye - digging " not only can cause the aircraft to be out of control , the destruction of the aircraft , or the loss of combat capability of the artillery , and because the fighters do not know where and where the other laser weapons will appear , the laser weapons are often subjected to heavy psychological pressure . In the War of 1982 , the United Kingdom installed a laser - blinding weapon on the aircraft carrier and various frigates .
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